This is automated today's way of manufacturing.
This is the challenge for today to meet competition
and rising costs by moving step by step towards automation continuous
automatic production including automatic spending automatic making
automatic inspecting automatic assembling automatic testing
automatic packaging a part on in one continuous flow evolutionary
device step development is well underway today before the Word
automation was kind.
The idea of ole automatic production suggest the blue sky fantasy improvements in
manufacturing seem funny or fearful depending on the viewpoint
and increased productivity the source of higher wages
and profits was often overlooked the trouble was
that some people thought of automation as a sudden thing a revolutionary idea
but it isn't me again.
Nearly two hundred years ago
when other revenues put into operation an automatic gristmill one Evan basic
problem was controlled power.
He had to depend on water wheels
and gravity before automatic could become significant some entirely new type of
power would have to be developed a power far more flexible than Fallingwater
or even steam.
Controllable electric power which could make automatic production practicable
throughout industry appeared in the nineteenth century the step by step development
of continuous automatic production was exonerated as early as nine hundred nineteen
when the automatic blowing of electric lamp bulbs was begun
and Sidney glass works in Cleveland.
Nine hundred thirty eight five automatic machines were connected with transfers to
form a continuous production line for machining
and polishing flat iron casting the idea of continuous automatic production of
automation was here progressing from the processing of global materials like grain
and molten glass to separate items like flat iron
and then in the late forty's developments in electric power
and control helped to make possible a line for the automatic machining owning
drilling
and boring of automobile engine one this greatly increased productivity work
to the advantage of everyone by this company today employs many more thousands of
people than it did in one thousand nine hundred seven this natural evolution
industry is developing automation as a way of manufacturing
that can do much to improve our factories product and process
and upgrade our workforce today and in the years.
Just ahead progress in automation comes at a time
when we will need it most the United States once an essentially agricultural
country has become the world's most important plant for the production of goods
with plenty of room left for food and fiber grant each person works for the other.
All consume each other's goods and products our numbers are growing fast.
But our demand for goods is growing much faster at the same time business is
getting more and more competitive
or if demand is growing so is supply as new competitors appear
or old ones increase their efficiency to hold
or to build our share of the available market.
We must cut production costs by applying the principles of automation
manufacturing operations can be separated into three broad groups.
First is the manual area where physical effort is used to perform operations by
hand
or with the aid of hand tools second is the mechanization area
where manually operated our driven machines with varying degrees of control are
used to perform one or more operations.
Third it is the area of continuous automatic production where automatic machines
are integrated with transfer devices
and with controls to perform a series of continuous automatic operation
materials handling begins in the manual area as a separate operation in the next
area mechanization of materials handling is introduced. In the automation area.
It is an integrated part of all operations our American
we get except for process in this relying oil
and chemicals the highly automated factory is still far in the future for most
manufacturers and progress comes from finding operations that can be upgraded.
If only one step at a time.
But the pressure of competition is bringing about death by step progress towards
continuous automatic production towards more and better jobs
and greater profits automation principles.
Wherever they have been adopted have proved their value in every way first
automation pays for itself within reasonable time automation increases
efficiency machines can be kept running longer at full capacity without shutdowns
and delays for loading
and unloading workers are upgraded the emphasis shifts from manual to mental
skills.
Automation conserves manpower a critical requirement the demand for products goes
far faster than the labor force.
Automation improves quality by reducing manual handling
and there is greater opportunity for building inspection into the process
automation increases safety machines move
and lift human fatigue is greatly reduced automation reduces in
process inventories. By the continual movement of materials.
While continuous automatic production has not been entirely achieved some
industries are close to it. Production was once a batch operation.
But as early as nine hundred nineteen development toward continuous flow began
in this glass works forty six types of bulbs are produced here is an operation high
in the automation area last biscuits are automatically produced by pocketed rolls
turning against lateral chain conveyors automatically pass the biscuits to the
blowing finish blowing takes place in this rotating to Parchman around the.
Go by way of a merry go round conveyor continuously automatically on their way to
the annealing of the plant capacity through the use of such automation as we have
seen is an unbelievable one billion one hundred million bulbs a year on a forty
hour week basis.
Between nine hundred ten
and today the cost of living index has risen one hundred eighty three percent of
the cost of the one hundred watt light bulb fell from a dollar forty five to less
than a quarter of the production methods of nine hundred ten were used today.
This one hundred watt light bulb would cost over four dollars during the same
period the population of the United States increased eighty percent while
employment in the lamp industry went up over four hundred percent
or five times as fast.
Here is the product of an automation process
that has very wide appeal indeed cookies of various types produced in a continuous
flow operation the coordination of equipment speeds in this process from those two
packing is provided by adjustable speed D.C.
Motor drive a cookie is more than something to eat it is a manufacturing problem
that has been linked to the customer is king highly flexible equipment is
required to give him the very delicate this machine can be said for
many different varieties from rotary molded cookies to extruded stuff like big bars
which are cut after they have left the other since all four types maybe even in one
day the drivers must change speed proportionately making time can be changed.
So the requirements for the next run can be met.
Without upsetting relative adjustments on cooler stacker
and packer for the remainder of.
Run for cookies
or cars automation is paying off the pull of continuous automatic the blocks
beginning with the rough casting that automatically go in
and out of more than twenty different machines from Speed Electric Drive broaches
traveling one hundred fifty feet a minute through a total of five hundred thirty
one milling boring owning tapping
and drilling operation action levels are maintained by specialists replace all
worn tools in this operation electric drives
and controls contribute to higher production rates at lower production costs
these more elaborate examples of automation demonstrate to what extent the idea of
going to new is automatic production has been put into practice it may not be
economically feasible for every manufacturer to automate his entire production line
but important cost reductions can be realized by automating parts of a total
operation to people realize that for all operations
and building making inspecting assembling testing
and packaging the average falls of the low end of the mechanization area.
This is the type of manual operation
that can be seen in thousands of plants today.
And this shows how soon the parts manual part mechanized operation can be upgraded
in an automatic press line for producing Reserve operations within one line is here
brought to a high degree of efficiency as origins like this are made into a
refrigerator compressor crankshaft.
The forging shuttle down the chute into the first machine from this point on twenty
two different.
Of operations are automatically performed in a continuous cycle
upon completion the ballots are dumped
and returned to the loading station the crankshafts are them transferred to the
final grinding operation which will result in finished crankshafts like this
there are numerous opportunities for moving inspection operations into the
automation area this manual inspection operation.
Once the very symbol of precision is fast losing appeal as those who practice it
lose money here is a machine for the automatic aging
and segregating out because the systems enter
and are gauged unstamped boppin holes are undersized
and oversize parts are rejected Donahue the second station
gauges the system for spurious diameter and tapered down to
and transfers it on a belt conveyor unit for segregating into the classification
capacity of the machine is seventeen hundred parts per hour
at times automatic inspection may be combined with automatic making in one machine
this machine equipped with automatic loading
and unloading six years continually measures its own work when an error is.
And in the machining of a part the tool is automatically repositioned to eliminate
the error assembly.
Even today is an operation
that falls almost entirely in the manual area
but cost conscious manufacturers in all industries are alert to opportunities for
savings through automation in the assembly of condenses For example this winding
machine has greatly increased production
significant progress has been further accomplished with this ingenious inline
machine on which four condenser parts including cans two spring washers
and windings are automatically assembled
in another in line operation combining further simply
and testing each lead is gripped as the assembly passes
and the condenser is tested Baka Pasadena.
If this test isn't satisfactory the assembly is automatically rejected
Rice clips are attached as they are made onto the lead wires the clips are then
automatically welded to the lead wire here great strides are being
made to all the automatic assembly of electric motors the motor parts are
automatically conveyed from different areas of the factory to come together for
assembly
of.
Focal Point is this assembly machine the upgrading of the operation for automatic
assembly here has helped to double motor production.
While money is just stepping into the mechanization area there has been progress in
this plant ignition coil move on electrified conveyor where they are tested
and the results indicated by sight
and sound the coils moving in the conveyer are checked for presence by a
photo electric cell and
that again sliding contacts for successive electrical test sound signals notify the
operator of defective coil which he removes
and places in a Reject to.
The testing of fluorescent starters has been accelerated by this automatic rotary
machine the starter is loaded manually into a rotating conveyor actuated by
contacts travelling along a circular track the starter lights a fluorescent tube
within a given period of time
and a photo electric cell detecting the light allows the started to be fast
and unlighted to calls for rejection.
Limit switches set
and reset relays permitting proper inspection of each succeeding starters
in packaging.
There are increasing opportunities to apply automation principles here a group of
machines automatically package nearly thirteen
and one half million gallons of milk a year the complaints are formed and glued
and they need Jack did involve wax tanks from which they enter a cooling
compartment to harden the way the mill got ready past arise then treated.
It's piped into this filling station where talking after a carton is filled with an
exact amount in this case the capacity of the carton is two core holding in
stapling the cover is another automatic process which the cartons March endlessly
to be placed in cases for delivery.
The tiresome
and relatively expensive work of filling packets with small items like screws
or bolts has been eliminated by this packaging machine which can turn out twenty
four thousand packets produce a small screws called snails all parts are fed from
the ball vibrate which can automatically start or stop the flow bottom.
Fording exact control of the number of pieces in each pack of the W.
and It can pack two different items at once ranging from one happens to one
and a quarter inches in length making inspecting
assembling testing packaging the small manufacturer may
not be able to automate every stage of production
but there are numerous opportunities to upgrade one
or more individual operations the volumen nature of the product
largely determine whether automation is feasible.
Product Design standardization materials
and processes are the critical element where a complete redesigning
job is possible.
The problem of automatic production can be simplified in the conventional chair
there are a variety of styles this chair is made from shaped pieces in many cases
with the aid of hand tools and finally assembled by hand.
Here is a chair of modern design which is the product of more mechanization the.
Parts are machine forms they still require some hand finishing and hand assembly.
Now here is the chair designed for continuous automatic production a fresh approach
to charity as I mistake.
The hand operations are designed out of the material is molded with integral color
and perfect surface the higher we progress up the steps to automation the more the
product must be designed for continuous automatic production of course there are
always exceptions
and customer preference sometimes called the turn for example customers would not
go for a machine cut pretzels traditionally pretzels Wareham time
and some experts said it was impossible to develop a machine to do the same job.
But a way has been found to accomplish the impossible with pretzel tying machines
which can produce fifty hand tied pretzels a minute a battery of sixteen of these
pretzel tires can turn out up to three hundred eighty four thousand of the twisted
delicacies in an eight hour day cars pretzels are standardized
and produced in great volume standardization for volume production is one of the
key factors in automation with standardization volume production if it cannot be
applied to the product itself may be applied to the parts of the four legs of the
mechanization area care might be produced automatically in low production items
such as large motors the production of the laminations may be automated in the jet
engine the number of turban blades is high and here again.
Volume offers the possibility of automatic production a step below the product
level. There is a place for automation in every industry large
or small the extent to which it can be applied economically is determined not by
the size of the business.
But by the volume and nature of the product in any operation.
Electricity is the essential ingredient of automation as manufacturing operations
are upgraded through the mechanization area and into the automation area.
The vital importance of flexible electrical equipment grows equipment like Control
Panel limits which is adjustable speed drive
these
and many other standardized electrical units available today contribute to automation
more specialized equipment is available where it is needed to be made extremely
difficult operation such as turning
and facing cuts on irregularly shaped jet engine by the machine is a vertical
turret lathe equipped with two dimension tracer controlled a signal is generated in
the magnetic tracing and by the displacement of a stylus against a template.
Sensitive electrical equipment takes the low power signal from the electronic panel
and amplifies it to the power level necessary to operate the feed Motors in
this case automatic control is a necessity.
Since the cost of manufacturing such parts without trace
or control on the machine would be prohibitive another type of control is
that made possible by record playback here
is a male design for the machining of integral is different.
Airplane wing spin the use of record playback control in this operation is expected
to double production.
After a part has been produced using a combination of manual
and electric control
and the action in the form of signals from Selden's recorded on magnetic tape the
tape is played back for automatically producing successive parts of the tape
program the machine's operation.
Still another type of control read punched cards automatically positions all motion
on such machines as this Turret Press which cuts production time in half.
Venting position with cells in the control detects
and interprets punched card information by the direct current Motors which drive
each motion combinations of electrical can proles
and drives like these now in use as well as a great many others can raise many of
your aberrations to the level of continuous automatic production progress
towards automation is most often a step by step procedure much standard equipment
in use today can be adapted for automatic production transfer equipment can be
added as with this punch press
and many new machines can be purchased equipped with transfers
or design for their addition like this machine.
There are also machines designed for special applications
but which often include a number of standardized units there are many other types
of machines which can be adapted to this way of manufacturing
automation continuous automatic production is a program for today for it
is today that the average of all manufacturing operations making in.
Acting assembling testing packaging falls in the
low mechanization areas.
And too often grunt
and sweat method like this account for as much as fifty per cent of production
costs in some cases practically an entire production process may be automated.
But for the most part the challenge of today is for management
and engineers men with vision
and Susie as a matter imagination to tackle the job at hand
and improve their operation step by step.
Any of these steps is possible and possible.
Now anyone who makes anything can find opportunities to apply the
principles of automation to his business
and as we respond to the challenge the electrical manufacturer
and the machinery builder stand ready with the whip mint
and the engineering skills to help your business meet dot com clarity of
challenge of today.